レッスン4：覚えているループ

"""Chaos game: jump a part r of the way to a random corner of a polygon, again and again.
Run: python chaos-game.py   (needs: pip install numpy matplotlib)
"""
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.style.use("dark_background")

corners, r, no_repeat = 3, 0.5, False  # triangle, halfway: the Sierpinski triangle
steps = 60000
rng = np.random.default_rng()

angles = np.pi / 2 + 2 * np.pi * np.arange(corners) / corners
vertex = np.column_stack([np.cos(angles), np.sin(angles)])

points, chosen = np.zeros((steps, 2)), np.zeros(steps, dtype=int)
x, last = np.array([0.0, 0.0]), -1
for i in range(steps):
    c = rng.integers(corners)
    while no_repeat and c == last:  # the restricted game: never the same corner twice
        c = rng.integers(corners)
    x = x + r * (vertex[c] - x)  # the whole rule
    points[i], chosen[i], last = x, c, c

plt.figure(figsize=(6, 6))
plt.scatter(points[20:, 0], points[20:, 1], s=0.3, c=chosen[20:], cmap="rainbow")
plt.axis("equal")
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()

# Try: corners, r = 5, 0.618 (a pentagon) or corners, no_repeat = 4, True (a square, restricted)